Assembly Of Mechanical Lift

Vice Assembly

Analysis of Air Plane Wing

Title: Analysis of Air Plane Wing

Guided By: Jaimin B Patel

Prepared By: Gaikwad Kaustubh, Upadhyay Harshil, Gohil Siddharajsinh,Parmar Chirag, Limbachiya Ronak

Location : Vadodara institute Of Engineering 

ANALYSIS OF PISTON

Title: ANALYSIS OF PISTON

Guided By: Jaimin B Patel

Prepared By: Patel Krutarth, Shah Harsh

Location : Vadodara institute Of Engineering 

Six Axels HMT(Hydraulic Modular Trailer) Main Longmember I-Section Beam Analysis

Title: Six Axels HMT(Hydraulic Modular Trailer) Main Longmember I-Section Beam Analysis

Guided By: Jaimin B Patel

Prepared By: Shah Smith, Shah Manav

Location : Vadodara institute Of Engineering 

Simulation Of Viscosity & Flow Stress During FSW Of AA-6063

Title: Simulation Of Viscosity & Flow Stress During FSW Of AA-6063

Guided By: Jaimin B Patel

Prepared By: Patel Deep, Pathak Hardik, Patel Ruchik, Gaikwad Nishit

Location : Vadodara institute Of Engineering 

Simulation Of Deformation & Equivalent Stress In Pipe Using Ansys

Title:Simulation Of Deformation & Equivalent Stress In Pipe Using Ansys





Guided By: Jaimin B Patel

Prepared By: Harsh H Patel, Prit Upadhyay

Location : Vadodara institute Of Engineering 

BEARINGS

A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion and reduces friction between moving parts to only the desired motion. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts. 

Many bearings also facilitate the desired motion as much as possible, such as by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts.

Principles Of Operation:

There are at least 6 common principles of operation:

• Plain bearing, also known by the specific styles: bushing, journal bearing, sleeve bearing, rifle bearing
• Rolling-element bearing such as ball bearings and roller bearings
• Jewel bearing, in which the load is carried by rolling the axle slightly off-center
• Fluid bearing, in which the load is carried by a gas or liquid
• Magnetic bearing, in which the load is carried by a magnetic field
• Flexure bearing, in which the motion is supported by a load element which bends.

Motions:

Common motions permitted by bearings are:

• axial rotation e.g. shaft rotation
• linear motion e.g. drawer
• spherical rotation e.g. ball and socket joint
• hinge motion e.g. door, elbow, knee

Types of Bearings

There are numerous different kinds of bearings that are designed to handle radial load, thrust load, or some combination of the two. Because different applications require bearings that are designed to handle a specific kind of load and different amounts of weight, the differences between types of bearings concern load type and ability to handle weight.

Ball Bearings

Ball bearings are extremely common because they can handle both radial and thrust loads, but can only handle a small amount of weight. They are found in a wide array of applications, such as roller blades and even hard drives, but are prone to deforming if they are overloaded.

Roller Bearings

Roller bearings are designed to carry heavy loads—the primary roller is a cylinder, which means the load is distributed over a larger area, enabling the bearing to handle larger amounts of weight. This structure, however, means the bearing can handle primarily radial loads, but is not suited to thrust loads. For applications where space is an issue, a needle bearing can be used. Needle bearings work with small diameter cylinders, so they are easier to fit in smaller applications.

Ball Thrust Bearings

These kinds of bearings are designed to handle almost exclusively thrust loads in low-speed low-weight applications. Bar stools, for example, make use of ball thrust bearings to support the seat.

 Roller Thrust Bearings

Roller thrust bearings, much like ball thrust bearings, handle thrust loads. The difference, however, lies in the amount of weight the bearing can handle: roller thrust bearings can support significantly larger amounts of thrust load, and are therefore found in car transmissions, where they are used to support helical gears. Gear support in general is a common application for roller thrust bearings.

Tapered Roller Bearings

This style of bearing is designed to handle large radial and thrust loads—as a result of their load versatility, they are found in car hubs due to the extreme amount of both radial and thrust loads that car wheels are expected to carry.

Specialized Bearings

There are, of course, several kinds of bearings that are manufactured for specific applications, such as magnetic bearings and giant roller bearings.

Bearing Life:L10 life

Bearings are often specified to give an "L10" life (outside the USA, it may be referred to as "B10" life.) This is the life at which ten percent of the bearings in that application can be expected to have failed due to classical fatigue failure (and not any other mode of failure like lubrication starvation, wrong mounting etc.), or, alternatively, the life at which ninety percent will still be operating.The L10 life of the bearing is theoretical life and may not represent service life of the bearing. Bearings are also rated using C₀ (static loading) value. This is the basic load rating as a reference, and not an actual load value.

Maintenance And Lubrication:  

Many bearings require periodic maintenance to prevent premature failure, but many others require little maintenance. The latter include various kinds of fluid and magnetic bearings, as well as rolling-element bearings that are described with terms including sealed bearing and sealed for life. These contain seals to keep the dirt out and the grease in. They work successfully in many applications, providing maintenance-free operation. Some applications cannot use them effectively.

Nonsealed bearings often have a grease fitting, for periodic lubrication with a grease gun, or an oil cup for periodic filling with oil. Before the 1970s, sealed bearings were not encountered on most machinery, and oiling and greasing were a more common activity than they are today. For example, automotive chassis used to require "lube jobs" nearly as often as engine oil changes, but today's car chassis are mostly sealed for life. From the late 1700s through mid 1900s, industry relied on many workers called oilers to lubricate machinery frequently with oil cans.

Factory machines today usually have lube systems, in which a central pump serves periodic charges of oil or grease from a reservoir through lube lines to the various lube points in the machine's bearing surfaces, bearing journals, pillow blocks, and so on. The timing and number of such lube cycles is controlled by the machine's computerized control, such as PLC or CNC, as well as by manual override functions when occasionally needed. This automated process is how all modern CNC machine tools and many other modern factory machines are lubricated. Similar lube systems are also used on nonautomated machines, in which case there is a hand pump that a machine operator is supposed to pump once daily (for machines in constant use) or once weekly. These are called one-shot systems from their chief selling point: one pull on one handle to lube the whole machine, instead of a dozen pumps of an alemite gun or oil can in a dozen different positions around the machine.

Splash lubrication:

Some machines contain a pool of lubricant in the bottom, with gears partially immersed in the liquid, or crank rods that can swing down into the pool as the device operates. The spinning wheels fling oil into the air around them, while the crank rods slap at the surface of the oil, splashing it randomly on the interior surfaces of the engine. Some small internal combustion engines specifically contain special plastic flinger wheelswhich randomly scatter oil around the interior of the mechanism

Pressure lubrication:

For high speed and high power machines, a loss of lubricant can result in rapid bearing heating and damage due to friction. Also in dirty environments the oil can become contaminated with dust or debris that increases friction. In these applications, a fresh supply of lubricant can be continuously supplied to the bearing and all other contact surfaces, and the excess can be collected for filtration, cooling, and possibly reuse. Pressure oiling is commonly used in large and complex internal combustion engines in parts of the engine where directly splashed oil cannot reach, such as up into overhead valve assemblies.High speed turbochargers also typically require a pressurized oil system to cool the bearings and keep them from burning up due to the heat from the turbine.