Cooling Tower

Cooling tower are very important part of many chemical plants. primary task of cooling tower is to reject heat into the atmosphere.

Cooling Tower Type:

Mainly there is two type : Natural draft and mechanical draft

Natural draft cooling tower are large in construction and mainly use for water flow rate more than 45000 m^3/hr.

There are three arrangement in mechanical draft:

1. Counter Flow induced draft

2.counter flow forced draft

3.cross flow induced draft

Main component of cooling tower:

Frame and casing, fill, cold water basin, drift eliminator, air inlet, louvers, nozzles and fan.

Tower Material:

In early days wooden tower made but now a day variety of material are used :

In basic material Galvanized steel, various grade of stainless steel, glass fibre and concrete are widely used. 

Large tower some time made of Concrete. 

Plastic are widely used for fill.

Cooling Tower Performance:

The important parameter for the performance of cooling tower are:

1. Range which is the difference of the hot water inlet and the cooling water outlet.

2.Approach is the difference of the cooling water outlet temp and wet bulb temp.

3.Cooling tower efficiency:

= Range/(Range+Approach)

4. Evaporation Loss, Blow down Loss.

5. Liquid/Gas Ratio.

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